MicroL20 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MicroL20 - Essay Example b. A case of a decent with a positive externality is involved lodging. Surely, the people housed advantage from sanctuary, security, and a capacity to sort out their lives and families in a manner that would not likely be plausible in the event that they were destitute. Proprietors appreciate rents (verifiable if the property is proprietor involved) on the home. These are fundamentally private advantages. Involved lodging will in general be better kept up, improving neighborhood property estimations) over the long haul and neighborhoods with higher inhabitance rates will in general have lower crime percentages. Both of these are principally open advantages. A case of a decent with a negative externality is a vehicle with an incredibly noisy sound system. While the audiophile-proprietor may appreciate the experience (a private advantage), the individuals who are compelled to encounter the sound without wanting to are confronted with a disturbance (an open expense). 2. Imposing busines s models. a. In the event that Bart charges $15, at that point he sells a feast for an all out benefit of $10. On the off chance that he charges $8, he'll sell two suppers for a complete benefit of $6. In the event that he charges $7, he'll sell three dinners at an all out benefit of $6. It's to Bart's greatest advantage to charge $15.00 and sell a solitary feast. The maker surplus for this situation is $10 and there is no buyer excess. b. Without cutting edge information on who would follow through on which cost, it would be hard for him to cost segregate, however there are a few methodologies he may seek after. One is to initiate â€Å"haggling.† If each exchange is arranged, it is conceivable that those ready to follow through on a greater expense may be convinced to leave behind more money for a similar supper than a less all around financed client (however this expands exchange costs). It may likewise be workable for Bart to make classifications of clients, through a lim iting instrument, which would make it more probable that those ready to pay more would spend more. He may make three cosmetically unique, however basically comparable, suppers (however this pushes the limits of the reason, since the dinners would never again be the equivalent). In a perfect world, he would have the option to sell three dinners, one each for $15, $8 and $7. As a general rule, with defective data, he'd likely not do this well. c. Bart would have the option to sell three suppers, one each for $15, $8 and $7. The maker surplus will be $15 and there will be no shopper overflow. d. On the off chance that every one of the three dinners were bought by one individual, it would be hard for Brad to cost segregate, aside from, maybe, by the utilization of rebate cards or some comparative gadget that should have been introduced after requesting or paying. Accepting he was unable to cost separate and the buyers introduced an assembled, three suppers or nothing front, we would exp ect three dinners sold at $7 each. e. In the event that there were another café around, it would be considerably more hard for Bart to cost segregate. He would need to rely upon variables, for example, advertise erosion, client dependability or area inclination (i.e., Bart's eatery is simpler to get to) or intrigue with his rival to keep up some level of restraining infrastructure power in the event that he needed to keep on valuing segregate. As the quantity of contenders expanded the circumstance would progressively look like an ideal rivalry model and Bart would turn into a value taker. f. It would be extremely hard to successfully cost segregate

Sarbanes-Oxley Act Acc 403- Auditing

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT ACC 403-AUDITING PROFESSOR August 19, 2012 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was set into impact July 2002; the demonstration acquainted significant changes with the guideline of corporate administration and money related practice. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was named after Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley, who were the fundamental planners that set various non-debatable cutoff times for consistence. The association for Economic Cooperation and Development was one of the first non-government associations to illuminate the rules that ought to administer the corporate and gave the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance.The Sarbanes Oxley Act otherwise called Public Company Accounting Reform and Information Protection Act and Corporate and Auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act. It is a government law that set different standards for all the U. S. organizations to recognize and dodge misrepresentation. It identifies the embarrassments in the protection s markets when the offer costs of protections are influenced. The demonstration requires the Securities and Exchange Commission to execute decisions on necessities to conform to the law. It made another organization called Public Company Accounting Oversight Board which directs, supervises and investigates the job of reviewers of open companies.The act covers auditor’s freedom, corporate administration, inside control appraisal and money related exposures. The Sarbanesâ€Oxley contains 11 titles that portray explicit orders and prerequisites for money related announcing. Each title comprises of a few segments, which are the accompanying beneath: I. Open Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB): gives autonomous oversight of open bookkeeping firms giving review benefits and makes a focal oversight board entrusted with enlisting evaluators. II.Auditors Independence: sets up guidelines for outside reviewer autonomy to constrain irreconcilable situations and states new examin er endorsement prerequisites, review accomplice revolution, and evaluator detailing necessities. III. Corporate Responsibility: orders that senior administrators takeâ individual duty regarding the exactness and fulfillment of corporate money related reports. It characterizes the cooperation of outside reviewers and corporate review boards, and indicates the duty of corporate officials for the precision and legitimacy of corporate money related reports. IV.Enhanced Financial Disclosure: portrays improved detailing prerequisites for budgetary exchanges, including cockeyed sheet exchanges, ace forma figures and stock exchanges of corporate officials. It requires inward controls for guaranteeing the exactness of money related reports and divulgences, and commands the two reviews and reports on those controls. V. Examiner Conflict of Interest: incorporates measures intended to help reestablish financial specialist trust in the revealing of protections investigators. It characterizes th e sets of accepted rules for protections investigators and requires revelation of comprehensible irreconcilable situations. VI.Commission Resources and Authority: characterizes practices to reestablish financial specialist trust in protections investigators, and characterizes the SEC’s power to rebuff or bar protections experts from training and characterizes conditions under which an individual can be banned from rehearsing as an agent, guide, or vendor. VII. Studies and Reports: requires the Comptroller General and the SEC to perform different examinations and report their discoveries. Studies and reports incorporate the impacts of combination of open bookkeeping firms, the job of FICO score offices in the activity of protections markets, protections infringement and requirement actions.VIII. Corporate and Criminal Fraud Responsibility: It portrays explicit criminal punishments for control, obliteration or change of money related records or other impedance with examinations , while giving certain securities to informants. IX. White Collar Crime Penalty Enhancement: It suggests more grounded condemning rules and explicitly adds inability to confirm corporate budgetary reports as a criminal offense. X. Corporate Tax Returns: Section 1001 states that the Chief Executive Officer should sign the organization government form. XI.Corporate Fraud Responsibility: It recognizes corporate extortion and records altering as criminal offenses and joins those offenses to explicit punishments. It additionally changes condemning rules and reinforces their punishments. Before Sarbanes Oxley act, examining firms were self administrative. It might happen a few times that difficult the tallies of the organizations harm the relationship with the customers. The cheats of the organizations can't be identified without any problem. There are numerous dangers related with the examining report since it won't have the option to report the real situation of the companies.The Sarban es Oxley act expresses that it will be unlawful to contradicts the arrangements of the commission since it isn't in the open premium or it is unprotected for speculators, for some other individual to make any move to falsely impact, control, constrain and misdirect any autonomous individual in the presentation of setting up the review report of the budget summaries of any worry. The most significant angle in the fiscal report is to follow and manage the interior control arrangement of the organization.This is the most significant point in this go about as it recognizes that the inner control arrangement of the partnerships is sound or not. It needs to report about the inside control arrangement of the association with the goal that the real image of the association can be reflected effectively before the individuals from the organizations and the financial specialists. Since the fundamental proverb of Sarbanes Oxley act is to secure the speculators it needs to report about the insid e shortcoming and qualities of the organizations to give a genuine image of the organization. It expects the board to report the accompanying focuses: * The working adequacy of inner control identified with the critical records which influences the materiality of the record or from which the material misquote dangers can be happened. * The progression of exchanges with the goal that it ought to be comprehended that whether there is any material error could emerge or not. * Evaluate the control of the organization to record the parts of COSO structure. * Perform the misrepresentation chance evaluation of the associations. * Evaluate the control execution to distinguish and avoid the mistakes. * Evaluate the control execution to distinguish and avoid the extortion. Assess crafted by the administration to guarantee that whether they consider the fundamental components like objectivity, competency and dangers. * Evaluate the inside command over money related announcing. * Evaluate the s ize and multifaceted nature of the organization. The discoveries of Sarbanes Oxley act join a code of Best Practices on Director’s Remuneration. The four fundamental issues which were managed as follows: * The job of Remuneration Committee in setting the compensation bundles for the CEO and different chiefs. * The necessary degree of isclosure expected to investors with respect to subtleties of director’s compensation and whether there is the need to get investor endorsement. * Specific rules for deciding a compensation arrangement for chiefs and * Service agreements and arrangements restricting the Company to pay to an executive, especially in case of excusal for inadmissible execution. The significant proposal was the foundation of Remuneration Committee of Non-Executive Directors which would be answerable for choosing the compensation of official directors.The larger part of the suggestions of the board of trustees were joined in the Listing Rules of the London Stoc k Exchange. The standards of corporate administration are advanced as under: * Sustainable improvement of the considerable number of partners it guarantees the development of the considerable number of people related with or affected by the venture on manageable premise. * Effective administration and circulation of riches it guarantees that undertaking makes greatest riches and wisely utilizes the riches so made for giving most extreme advantages to all the partners and improving its riches creation capacities to look after supportability. Release of social obligation it guarantees that undertaking is adequate to the general public in which it is working. * Application of best administration rehearses it guarantees greatness in working of big business and ideal formation of riches on practical premise. * Compliance of law in letter and soul it guarantees esteem improvement for all partners ensured by the law for keeping up financial parity. * Adherence to moral standardsâ€it gua rantees uprightness, straightforwardness, freedom and responsibility in dealings with all stakeholders.The Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Department of Public Enterprises has given Guidelines on Corporate Governance for Central Public Sector Enterprises. To advance Guidelines on corporate administration, Central Public Sector Enterprises have been classified into two gatherings, to be specific †1. Those recorded in the stock trade and 2. Those not recorded in the stock trade. Some case that the monetary exercises of traded on an open market organizations are still seriously nder-controlled while others hold that SOX was important, however that a portion of its necessities are not financially savvy which I accept will change after some time. Reference * Arens, A. , Elder, R. J. , and Beasley, M. (2010). ACCT 403: Auditing and affirmation administrations: 2010 custom release (fourteenth ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. * http://www. soxlaw. com/* http://searchcio. techtarget. com/definition/Sarbanes-Oxley-Act * http://www. sec. gov/about/laws. shtml * http://www. sec. gov/news/declaration/090903tswhd. htm * http://www. sox-on the web. com/nuts and bolts. html

Is Facebook boosting or hindering communication

Is Facebook boosting or ruining correspondence? Facebook is the most popular normally utilized internet based life. It has become the favored technique for staying in contact with individuals. Pretty much every youngster has in any event one Facebook account. Anyway valuable it may be in public activity and training, Facebook realized a lot of new obstructions and dangers in these regions. There is an incongruity as in internet based life, as Facebook, can make us less social.Doubtless it might be animating to feel so associated with others, and et it is extremely unlikely to deny that underneath this inclination, there is a feeling of void. Robin Sharma concurs with that reality in his book The Greatness Guide by saying that the more we are electronically associated, the more we are sincerely separated. As such, while individuals spend numerous hours of their days on Facebook visiting, posting status and wishing upbeat birthday events and commitment to each other, they disregard the significance of discussion in the conventional way.They totally disregard the viability of sitting to supper with the family or spending time with companions. In a word, Facebook is step by step denying individuals of what recognizes them as people. In addition to the fact that Facebook makes us less social, yet in addition once in a while passes on a totally unique reality about its clients. Anybody can take cover behind Facebook posts, giving any picture they need about themselves and making a figment about their character. They can be whoever they need, contingent upon the way that their crowds have no hoice however to be befuddled, having no verbal communication.So, our solitary genuine strategy for correspondence is through voice-to-voice or up close and personal correspondence. It is just through along these lines that when one hears a manner of speaking or investigates somebody's eyes, they can know when â€Å"l am okay† doesn't mean they are alright by any means. In this way, with no methods for correspondence however expresses, shortenings, bits and emojis on Facebook, one can never be certain whether these things are precise portrayals of the truth.As for instruction, understudies, most likely, owe Facebook a great deal for encouraging their training procedure, yet it is a principle supporter of the disappointment of huge numbers of them. In spite of the fact that Facebook assumes a job in breaking the ice between associates in schools or colleges, it burns through a lot of their time in talking about trifling issues. It is genuine Facebook assists understudies with keeping refreshed with the most recent news about their investigations, regardless of whether they are missing from schools or universities.But understudy rumourmongers ruin verything by spreading so much bogus news that any news by any understudy is dependent upon doubt, which transforms the bit of leeway into an impediment. Along these lines Facebook is even more an exercise in futility for understudies. Facebook. Presently contrast this time with the time you go through continuously on earth with your family, companions and your associates at school, college or work. Attempt to settle on the choice of utilizing Facebook and attempt to dodge whatever number of its detriments as would be prudent. Out of my own understanding, the time and relations you will resuscitate merit checking out.

Immaturity in The Epic of Gilgamesh A Critique of the Protagonist - Literature Essay Samples

The most dreaded lesson in the eyes of a child is the concept of â€Å"no.† While most children eventually realize that not everything in the world is available for their taking, the select few who neglect to recognize their limitations inevitably grow up to be self-indulgent, immature adults and burdens to those around them. In the case of The Epic of Gilgamesh, the spoiled child is the King of Uruk, Gilgamesh, and it is his subjects who must bear the burden and suffer painfully under their king’s tyranny. While Gilgamesh is a glorified and accomplished figure in Uruk, his achievements are undeserved, and his defining feature is not his physical might but instead his egregious ignorance. This is perhaps most evident in the king’s perilous quest to defeat Humbaba. Contrary to the text’s implication, Gilgamesh’s invasion of the Forest of Cedar is not a powerful display of ambition or a right of passage that illustrates his maturation; despite the kin g’s apparent reformation, Gilgamesh remains an arrogant and entitled leader whose successes are merely a result of his privileged birth and upbringing replete with praise and devoid of constraints. The Epic of Gilgamesh portrays the king as a mighty and heroic leader, and while it acknowledges Gilgamesh’s faults, the epic often overlooks his abusive tendencies and emphasizes his unmatched rigor and spirit. The high regard in which the text holds Gilgamesh is evident in the lofty descriptions of the king as â€Å"Surpassing all other kings, heroic in stature, / brave scion of Uruk, wild bull on the rampage† (1.29-30). These grand depictions effectively imply that Gilgamesh’s deplorable actions are merely symptomatic of his greatness; as an authoritative man, the king wrongfully exploits his high status to excuse his many transgressions. However, from the perspective of the people of Uruk whom Gilgamesh â€Å"harries without warrant,† the king’s exceptional capabilities are trivial in comparison to his cruel authority (I.67). They do not view their king’s abhorrent treatment of his people as a mere byproduct of his extraordinary strength but instead as a sign of Gilgamesh’s immaturity and unrestrained upbringing. As a result of his unmatched physical prowess, the king grows up receiving only praise and submission to his superhuman potential, never realizing his own limitations. Gilgamesh’s incessant need to satisfy his urges to the detriment of his subjects stems from this lawless childhood, as nobody ever deprives the king of what he wants; consequently, Gilgamesh develops a severe sense of entitlement and fails to grasp how to behave appropriately as a an important leader. Much like a child, all Gilgamesh knows in life is instant gratification. While the actual text of The Epic of Gilgamesh emphasizes Gilgamesh’s feats and ambition, in reality, his achievements are more of a reflection of his birthright than his actual perseverance. Unlike the common people of Uruk, Gilgamesh was born under a unique lineage, with â€Å"two-thirds of him god and one-third human† (I.48). In this sense, Gilgamesh quite literally is not a â€Å"man of the people.† It is not initiative and dedication that bring him success but rather his genetics that provide him with a significant upper hand in life. Given the unparalleled and godly capabilities with which he is endowed at birth, Gilgamesh’s extensive accomplishments are essentially meritless, as the king attains his high status solely through his arbitrarily privileged circumstances, which allow him to conquer lands more effectively than any human ever could. In its generous depictions of Gilgamesh, the epic overlooks an important qualification of true heroismâ€⠀being born does not make a man deserving of greatness; it only gives him the chance to be. In addition to bringing him undeserved power, Gilgamesh’s unique lineage also breeds an unjustified sense of arrogance and superiority over his human subjects, which further contributes to his tyranny. While the text may imply that Gilgamesh is a mighty and ambitious ruler, the reality of the situation is that his many conquests are merely a result of a lucky birth and significantly contribute to his conceit. In essence, Gilgamesh’s greatest triumph is simply being born. In conjunction with the elevated language that the text adopts to excuse Gilgamesh’s atrocious behavior, the introduction of his companion Enkidu produces a convenient plot point in which readers can settle their qualms with the king, as Enkidu appears to parallel Gilgamesh’s strength and reforms his barbarous tendencies. Contrary to this interpretation, Gilgamesh actually remains a relatively static character and his new partner actually has an opposite effect to its original purpose. While the wild and innocent Enkidu undoubtedly serves as an effective foil to the civilized and tyrannical Gilgamesh, his morality fails to change the king’s disregard for others because he does not possess the power to significantly influence Gilgamesh’s decisions or character. This is most evident in their wrestling match in which Gilgamesh defeats Enkidu who then submits, stating â€Å"High over warriors you are exalted, / to be king of the people Enlil made it your dest iny!† (P.239-240). Although Enkidu is portrayed as a character equal in physical capacity to Gilgamesh, his loss in the wrestling match confirms his inferiority and essentially negates this claim. With another victory, Gilgamesh only fortifies his sense of superiority and greatness, failing to meet anyone who can overcome his physical mastery. The shear fact that Enkidu emerges from the fight secondary to Gilgamesh invalidates any possibility of reform or maturation. A such an impervious king, Gilgamesh does not yield to the admonitions of his inferiors; only a greater force can effect such a change. Consequently, at his core, Gilgamesh remains a spoiled child who merely channels his entitlement toward different goals in response to Enkidu’s introduction. The seemingly positive influence that Enkidu has on Gilgamesh is perhaps most evident in the two companions’ journey into the Forest of Cedar. Gilgamesh’s invasion of the forbidden forest, at first glance, appears to be a manifestation of his unrelenting ambition and a symbol of his internal transformation from a ruthless king to a great leader as reflected when he announces â€Å"Bold as I am I shall tread the distant path [to the home of Humbaba,] / I shall face a battle I know not† (II.262-263). While Gilgamesh’s dauntless decision to invade the Forest of Cedar appears to be an effect of his new relationship with Enkidu, his true intentions are not nearly as honorable as they are immature. Gilgamesh’s daring pursuit of the cedar trees is not a manifestation of his spirited ambition but instead a symptom of his spoiled upbringing and subsequent psychological underdevelopment. With a bolstered superiority complex from defeating the mighty Enkidu, t he king further develops a heightened mentality of imperviousness and stubbornness against those who deny or challenge him. Consequently, when Enkidu and his own personal advisors caution the king, stating â€Å"That is a journey which must not be made, that is a man [who must not be] looked on† (II.274-275), Gilgamesh interprets the warning as a challenge not motivated by ambition or glory but simply by the fact that his advisors oppose the decision. Much like a child who does not comprehend any perspectives other than his own, Gilgamesh wants to invade the forbidden forest simply because it is â€Å"forbidden.† The Epic of Gilgamesh does not recount the story of a tyrannical but accomplished conqueror; in reality, it is merely the story of a child who by circumstance alone finds himself sitting on a king’s throne. By viewing the plot through a different lens, specifically in the eyes of those who suffer painfully under Gilgamesh’s reign, it is clear that the interpretation the epic invites its readers to make is not an accurate illustration of the king’s true character. Gilgamesh’s juvenile belief that he can and should fulfill all internal urges is a blatant expression of his psychological immaturity that should not be ignored in the context of the epic as a whole. Whether it is battling Humbaba, killing the Bull of Heaven, or seeking immortality, Gilgamesh’s pursuits are not a consequence of his ambition, honor, or glory but instead by something entirely different—an unearned exemption of the rules that govern a mature and adult society.

Antitrust Laws And Violations Antitrust Law - 3501 Words

Antitrust Laws and Violations Introduction Antitrust laws are to protect competition. The free and open competition benefits that consumers have by ensuring that they have lower prices as well as new and better products. In a freely competitive market, each competing business generally will try to attract consumers by cutting its prices and increasing the quality of its products or services in order to try to beat out there competitor. The competition and the profit gives the opportunities to bring and also stimulate businesses to find new, innovative, and more efficient methods of production. Consumers sometimes benefit from competition when there are lower prices and better products and services (). The antitrust law is the law that†¦show more content†¦These laws also oversee planned mergers and acquisitions that are adequately large to add up to a threat to rivalry, and they take in hand commercial practices that can cause an uncertain threat to competition on the merits in an appropriately defined antitrust mark etplace (Clark, 2007). Main Issues Competition is considered beneficial for business and business environment, as in a competitive market, companies offer higher quality products at lower prices to be successful or to gain market share. On the other hand, businesses perhaps get involve in violation of antitrust laws that is a white collar crime as it has a bad effect on competition, can damage economy and can increase prices. Antitrust laws are formed to protect consumer and competitors from unfair competition and its consequences, these laws prohibits: conspiracies, combinations and contracts in trade restraint, mergers, and acquisitions that tend to significantly reduce the competition offenses and methods of unfair competition, as well as unfair practices and acts in the conduct of commerce and trade (Kovacic et al, 2007). Competition serves as an effective mean for businesses to identify ways to improve product quality, charge lower price, and to increase efficiency. Business that can offer the highest product quality at the reduced costs will succeed in a

Inequality Between Men And Women - 1315 Words

Inequality between Men and Women Trisha Stafford American Public University System Mrs. Decter Table of Contents Introduction 3 Defining â€Å"Social Problem† 3 Explaining Sociological Viewpoint 3 Chosen Social Problem Introduction 3 Thesis 3 Defining Sexism 3 Why is it a social problem? 3-4 Statistics 4 Identifying and Defining Four Concepts Related to Sexism 4-5 How is this problem being addressed? 5 Conclusion 6 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Social problems have always been a part of society. Although some social problems have disappeared over time others have uprooted and evolved to fit our ever-changing world. Within our textbook, A. Leon-Guerrero defines a social†¦show more content†¦In more simple terms, sexism is the false idea that one sex is superior or inferior to the other. In sociology, sociologists focus on the differences that are determined by society, culture, and gender. It is believed by social scientists that gender differences are not caused by biological differences. Although humans are born male or female, individuals must learn and understand masculine or feminine behaviors. Therefore, gender differences are a result of socialization, discrimination, prejudice, and other forms of social control. For example, in the United States, a strong patriarchal system is enforced among Mormon Fundamentalists. From a conflict and feministic perspective, gender inequality or sexism exists because it benefits a group in the position of power and with power to shape society. This power group is men. The theorists within these two perspectives argue that as long as men maintain their social, economic, and cultural advantage within society that women will remain in their subordinate position. This subordinate position women have within society is linked to their relationship to the means of production (Leon-Guerrero, 2014). Statistically speaking, women who work 41 to 44 hours per week earn 84.6% of what men make working similar hours. However, women who work more than 60 hours per week only earn about 78.3% of what men do. In addition,

Social Origins of Educational System

Question: Write an essay citing and describing examples of problems in the American educational system, such as lack of financial support, dropout rates, and low levels of academic achievement. Describe ways in which the U.S. educational system helps perpetuate social inequality in some cases, while helping to reduce it in others? Answer: Education is of great importance to individuals as well as the society. The absence of which will lead to the loss of all the gathered knowledge and all conduct standards. Educational systems differ across countries. This paper is focussed on discussing some problems in the American educational system. In spite of its highly developed economy, The U.S. is facing some serious challenges in its educational system which has become a matter of concern. Family, economic and social demands sometimes lead students to drop out before completing high school education (Archer, 2013). Dropout rates are observed to be lowest in Asian American students followed closely by whites. But the dropout rates of Hispanic, Native Americans and blacks are almost double to that of Asian and whites. The dropout rate is very high among minority students. The best schools are almost always private, the fees of which cannot be afforded by the poorer students. There are different rates of funding even for public schools. Mostly the schools in the poorer areas experience a lack of funds as the funding of schools are sometimes attached to property taxes (Bowles, 2014). This makes high quality education less accessible to students residing in poorer areas. Another defect of the American education system is giving English the status of the second language (ESL). It is mandatory for the refugees, immigrants, and their children to learn English as a Second Language (ESL) for functioning in the country. They are sometimes identified as having lower test scores which sometimes fails in measuring their academic abilities. Some critics are of the opinion that a major fault of the modern Education system of the U.S. is that it lacks focus on the results. The system doesnt expect the students to meet high achievement standards, and the primary emphasis of the policy-making circles is on the process of education rather than the analysis of the results of education. Many schools of The U.S. focus on social values, attitudes and beliefs of the culture that is dominant and the influences of the minority are mostly ignored (Dewey, 2013). In schools, a sorting of the students is made on the basis of their interests, skills, talents, test results, family background, etc. The schools sort students in groups and programs with a view of maximizing human capital. But merit is not the basis of this sorting, and some sociologists opine that it further increases the social inequalities as the underprivileged students are denied access to the same programs, groups, and classes. The policymakers are taking steps for reducing the inequalities by trying to bring about a more or less standardized curriculum. Efforts are being made to focus more on learning opportunities and outcomes (Valenzuela et al., 2014). Another policy recently devised is the differential quality of schooling for blacks and whites. Many private organizations are coming forward for supporting the underprivileged students financially. Thus, it is evident that the American education system suffers from social inequalities, high dropout rate, lack of funds and some other drawbacks. The educational system is trying to perpetuate the inequalities on one hand and devising methods to reduce it on the other. Reference list Archer, M. S. (2013).Social origins of educational systems. Routledge. Bowles, S. (2014).Schooling in capitalist America: Educational reform and the contradictions of economic life. Haymarket Books. Dewey, J. (2013).The sources of a science of education. Read Books Ltd. Valenzuela, J. P., Bellei, C., Ros, D. D. L. (2014). Socioeconomic school segregation in a market-oriented educational system. The case of Chile.Journal of Education Policy,29(2), 217-241.